Fig. 1

Overview of CAR NK clinical trial characteristics. A Total number of registered trials across the US, EU, China, and Japan, including withdrawn, terminated, or suspended trials, but excluding trials that never enrolled patients; red bars represent annual registrations. B Classification of trials by phase, with some entries unspecified on clinicaltrials.gov. C Recruitment statuses. D Trial status by phase, with increasing bubble size indicating higher frequency. E Geographical origin of trial sponsors. F Type of sponsorship, delineating between academic and industry-involved trials. G Range of enrollment sizes showcased, not differentiating between actual and anticipated participant numbers. US United States, W/T/S withdrawn/terminated/suspended.