Fig. 6

Effects of lymphodepletion. 1 Effector cells, such as CD8 + T cells, are depleted, mitigating host-versus-graft reactions. 2 Lymphodepletion clears space in the circulatory system, providing the essential room and nutrients needed for the expansion of infused CAR NK cells. 3 Regulatory immune cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and M2 macrophages, are depleted from the circulatory system and TMEs, thereby enhancing CAR NK cell activity. 4 The lymphodepletion destabilizes the TME, rendering it more susceptible to the CAR NK cells’ anti-tumor activity. DC dendritic cell, MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cells, M2 M2 macrophage.